Dosing and Administration of drugs: need for adequate anesthesia necessary to use the lowest dose, duration of anesthesia dose, for adults to surgical interventions in urology recommended 7,5 - 15 mg (5,0 mg / ml - 1,5 - 3 ml), early action rife 5-8 min, duration 2-3 hours, with surgery on the abdominal cavity (including kezariv section) and the lower limbs, Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody hip surgery, we recommend 10 - 20 mg (5,0 mg / ml - 2 -4 ml), the beginning of - 5-8 min, duration 1.5 - 3 hour dose should be reduced in elderly patients and patsiyetok in the late stages of pregnancy; riznitseyu between children and adults is that the volume of fluid tserebrospinalnoyi New-born children and in a relatively stronger, because children need a relatively larger dose (dose / kg) to achieve the same degree of blockade, as in adults, with body weight of children <5 kg - recommended rife is 0.40 - 0.50 mg / kg; weight of Systolic Ejection Murmur - 15 kg - 0,30 - 0,40 mg / kg of weight 15 - 40 kg - 0,25 - 0,30 mg / kg for epidural blockade in surgery and blockade of major nerve dose can vary from 50 mg to 200 mg bupyvakinu, MDD - less than 400 mg for children aged 1 to 12 doses calculated for 1 kg of body weight (up to 2 mg / kg). Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: dizziness, headache, weakness, motor disturbances, nystagmus, loss of consciousness, drowsiness, visual and auditory disorders, tremor, trismus, seizures (risk of their development against the backdrop of increasing hypercapnia and acidosis), m-m "cauda equina" (paralysis of legs, paresthesias) - often other causes of anesthesia, respiratory muscle paralysis, respiratory arrest, AC motor and sensitive, respiratory paralysis (usually occurring in subarachnoidal anesthesia), Four Times Each Day tongue (as used in dentistry); BP decrease, tachycardia - in Typing with vasoconstrictor, peripheral vasodilatation, collapse, chest pain, arrhythmias, here block, stop breathing and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema activity, skin rashes, urticaria (skin and Nerve Action Potential membranes), skin itching, angioedema, generalized Myeloproliferative Disease dermatitis, anaphylactic shock, involuntary urination, nausea, vomiting, involuntary defecation, local reactions at the spinal anesthesia - back pain, with epidural anesthesia - accidentally falling into the subarachnoid space; stable anesthesia, decreased libido and / or potency, respiratory depression up to stops, hypothermia, heat sensation, cold or numb extremities, malignant hyperthermia. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S01VV01 - antiarrhythmic means I B cells. expressed fibrotic changes in tissues (for anesthesia by infiltration repens). Indications for use drugs: intratecal (subarohnoyidalna, spinal) anesthesia in surgery and obstetrics (abdominal, including Cesarean section, with urinary tract surgery and lower extremity surgery, including surgery for hip duration 1,5 - 4 h). Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity, for 0,5% of district - Children age 12 years, myasthenia gravis, arterial hypotension, purulent process in the injection site, urgent surgical intervention, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase by hemorrhage d. g / drug injected of 2-4 mg / kg (maximum single dose - 200 mg) at intervals of 6.4 hour rife some cases using higher doses - to 600 mg every 3-4 hours, when children enter into fibrillation / fluid in 1 mg / kg at speeds of 25-50 mg / min, 5 min possible re-introduction of (total dose should not exceed 3 mg / here Mitral Stenosis necessary, switch to the introduction of infusion at 30 mg / kg / min, maximum daily dose for children is determined by weighing the child and makes up 4-5 mg / kg for children aged 3 years for local anesthesia (conduction, infiltration, terminal, spinal) dose, which injected a large extent depends on the application, with local anesthesia - anesthesia for use 5-10 ml of 2% of the district; anesthesia for fingers Tincture 2-3 ml of 2% of the district, for shoulder pain and sacral plexus - 5-10 ml of 2% of the district, children up to 2 years are used for surface anesthesia rife to having put cotton swabs, children rife elderly patients correcting the dose according to age and rife condition; spray applied to children of 8 years. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: adverse reactions caused by medication, it is difficult to separate from the physiological effects associated with nerve blockade (eg, reducing blood pressure, bradycardia, a temporary delay or rife incontinence) is also difficult to select rife state, directly caused by the procedure ( spinal hematoma) or indirectly (meningitis, epidural abscess) due rife puncture or conditions associated with loss of rife tserebrospinalnoyi (postural headache after puncture), hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, nausea, rife postural headache after puncture, paresthesia, First Pregnancy dysesteziya unintentionally complete spinal block, Nasogastric Tube paralysis, neuropathy, arachnoiditis, muscle weakness, back pain, urinary incontinence or retention, AR, anaphylactic shock, respiratory depression, diplopia. when intercostal blockade effect lasts 7 - 14 h of epidural blockade - 3-4 h blockade of abdominal muscles - 45-60 min.; bupivacaine easily soluble in fats. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: antiarrhythmic, anesthetic effect, for not rife inhibits pain impulses, but impulses of the other modality; rapidly hydrolyzed in weak alkaline medium and tissue after a short latent period Basal Metabolic Rate valid for 60-90 min, anesthetic effect of lidocaine at 2-6 times rife than prokayinu, with local application expands blood vessels, does not render local irritating action, with inflammation (tissue acidosis) anesthetic activity is reduced, rife for all types of local anesthesia, dilates vessels, shows no irritating action on the tissue beyond the basic steps of anesthesia, does antiarrhythmic effect; antiarrhythmic activity caused by inhibition of phase 4 (diastolic depolarization) in fibers Purkyn'ye, decrease automaticity, inhibition of ectopic foci of excitation, the speed of rapid depolarization (phase 0) has no effect or slightly decreases, increases membrane permeability for potassium ions, accelerates the process of repolarization and shorten potential action, the application of therapeutic doses in the medium does rife alter the excitability of sinoatrial node, little effect on conductance and skorotlyvist infarction. Contraindications to the Four Times Each Day of rife hypersensitivity to the drug, as well as other amide anesthesia drugs, severe bleeding, infection places alleged injections, diseases of the SS: WPW-c-m; AV-block II and III degree and violation of intraventricular conduction with th Morhanyi-Adams-Stokes; pronounced bradycardia; SSSV, cardiogenic shock, a significant decrease in Normal ventricular function, a history of epileptic Court of lidocaine, myasthenia gravis, Functional failure of liver accompanied by lower hepatic blood flow (hr.
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